The ancient citadel of Hoa Lư in north-central Việt Nam was originally established by King Đinh Tiên Hoàng (968-979) and continued to function as the Việt capital under the early Lê kings (980-1009). The original citadel covered an area of approximately three square kilometres; within the fortified outer ramparts were numerous administrative buildings, temples and shrines; at its heart was an inner enclosure which housed the royal family. Today all that remains of Hoa Lư Citadel are earthworks and two temples which have been extensively rebuilt numerous times over the last 300 years.